If you’re charmed by the adorable paws of cats, you’re in for a treat! Some cats are born with an extra sprinkle of toe beans, making them what we affectionately call “Cats With Thumbs.” These unique felines are scientifically known as polydactyl cats, a term that simply means “many digits.” You might also hear them referred to as Hemingway cats or mitten cats, all nodding to their wonderfully unusual paws.
So, what’s the story behind these extra toes? And just how many toes can a cat with thumbs actually have? Let’s dive into the fascinating world of polydactyl cats with insights from veterinary experts.
Normal Cat Paws vs. Cats With Thumbs
black and white cat paw with extra toes
Photo credit: Janelle Leeson
Typically, a cat sports 18 toes – five on each front paw and four on each back paw. This count includes a dewclaw on each front paw, but not on the back. However, cats with thumbs, or polydactyl cats, have more than this standard number.
“Polydactyly” is the term for having extra digits, whether it’s just one additional toe or an extra dewclaw. According to Dr. Anita Patel, DVM, a veterinarian and Area Medical Director at IndeVets, “Extra toes can appear on both the front and back paws.”
The most common spot for these extra toes to pop up is on the inside of the paw, in what’s known as the pre-axial or thumb side. Less frequently, they might appear on the outer side (post-axial or pinky side) or even in the middle (meso-axial). Interestingly, these extra digits don’t always come in matching pairs, meaning a cat’s paws can sometimes be adorably asymmetrical.
Just how many toes can a cat with thumbs have? Prepare to be amazed! The record for the most toes on a cat is held jointly by an orange tabby named Jake and a kitty from Minnesota named Paws. Both of these record-holders boast seven digits on each paw – that’s a whopping 28 toes in total!
The Genetics Behind Cats With Thumbs
Why do some cats develop these remarkable mitten-like paws? Genetics play a crucial role in cats with thumbs, explains Dr. Patel.
Polydactylism is considered an autosomal dominant trait, although the genetic picture is a bit complex. This means that if just one parent carries the polydactyly gene, there’s a chance their kittens could be born with extra toes.
The exact reasons why some cats with thumbs have just one extra toe while others have many are still being explored. Dr. Alejandro R. Caos, DVM, a small-animal veterinarian at The Vets, notes, “The genetic basis of polydactylism is intricate.” The trait’s autosomal dominant nature, combined with incomplete penetrance and variable expression, leads to the diverse configurations of toes seen in cats with thumbs.
The origins of polydactyly in cats are also somewhat shrouded in mystery. However, one theory suggests that early settlers and sailors might have inadvertently brought cats with thumbs to the Americas, according to Dr. Caos. The thought is that these larger paws could have made cats with thumbs particularly adept rodent hunters on ships and in new settlements.
While extra toes might seem like they’d offer benefits like better balance, grip, or hunting skills, it really depends on the individual cat. Dr. Caos suggests that polydactyly in cats is more likely a result of chance genetic mutations rather than a key evolutionary advantage. “Polydactylism isn’t considered essential for cats to survive in the wild,” he states. “Most cats, regardless of their toe count, are well-suited to their natural environments.”
Prevalence of Cats With Thumbs
Are cats with thumbs a rare sight? Actually, no, they’re not uncommon. “When a cat with thumbs mates with a cat that doesn’t have extra toes, each kitten has a 50% chance of inheriting the polydactyl gene,” Dr. Caos explains. “If both parent cats are polydactyl, the odds of their kittens also being polydactyl increase.”
The most frequently seen form of polydactylism in cats involves just one or two extra toes on the front paws, giving them that distinctive thumb or mitten-like appearance. Cats with a much larger number of extra toes, like the record-holding Jake and Paws, are considered more unusual.
Cat Breeds Known for ‘Thumbs’
Photo credit: Janelle Leeson
While any cat can be born with extra toes, some breeds are more predisposed to having thumbs. The Maine Coon and Pixiebob breeds are more commonly associated with polydactyly compared to others. Dr. Caos points out, “Maine Coon cats are known for their large size and tufted ears, and having extra toes just adds to their distinctive look.” However, it’s important to remember that genetics and gene expression ultimately determine whether a cat will have thumbs, regardless of breed.
You might have also heard the term “American Polydactyl,” but this isn’t a recognized breed. Instead, it refers to the descendants of polydactyl cats that originated in Key West, Florida. The famous author Ernest Hemingway, who resided in Key West, famously owned a six-toed cat named Snow White. Snow White reproduced, passing on the polydactyly gene, and today, Hemingway’s former residence is home to over 60 polydactyl felines.
Caring for Your Cat With Thumbs
Generally, caring for a cat with thumbs is quite similar to caring for any other cat. However, there are a few specific things to keep in mind:
Nail Care: Cats with thumbs have more nails, and some of these extra nails might not wear down naturally because they don’t touch the ground. This means they are more prone to nail overgrowth. Overgrown nails can be uncomfortable, lead to infections, and may get caught on things. Regular nail trimming is essential to prevent these issues.
Paw Hygiene: “Extra toes on cats with thumbs can create more spaces between the toes where dirt, debris, or cat litter can accumulate,” explains Dr. Caos. Regularly check your cat’s paws and gently clean them as needed to maintain good hygiene.
Mobility and Adaptation: Most cats with thumbs don’t experience any mobility problems due to their extra toes. However, if your cat has particularly large or unusually formed extra toes, it’s wise to monitor their movement. They should be able to walk, run, and jump without any signs of difficulty or pain.
Dr. Caos advises, “If you notice any limping, favoring of certain paws, or changes in their usual movement, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian for a check-up.” In rare cases, if extra toes are causing significant problems, surgical removal might be considered.
Cats with thumbs are a delightful example of the natural variations found in the feline world. With a little extra attention to paw care, these unique cats make wonderful companions, offering all the love and purrs of any other feline friend, with just a bit more toe-tally awesome charm.
Featured Image: Janelle Leeson
WRITTEN BY
Janelle Leeson
Freelance Writer
