Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a devastating inherited eye disease affecting Bengal cats, leading to blindness. Discovered by researchers at the University of California, Davis, and the University of Missouri, a genetic test now exists to help breeders and owners understand and manage this condition in Bengal cats. This article delves into Bengal cat PRA, its progression, genetic basis, and how testing can make a difference for your beloved Bengal Cat Bengal.
What is Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) in Bengal Cats?
Progressive Retinal Atrophy in Bengal cats is characterized by the gradual deterioration of photoreceptor cells in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. These photoreceptors are crucial for vision, and their destruction leads to progressive vision loss. The onset of this cellular damage typically begins around 7 weeks of age in affected Bengal kittens.
Progression of Vision Loss
The progression of PRA in Bengal cats is, as the name suggests, progressive. Vision loss develops slowly, but steadily. While the disease starts early in kittenhood, the rate of vision decline can vary between individual Bengal cats. Remarkably, some Bengal cats with PRA may retain some level of vision for longer than expected. There are documented cases of Bengal cats over two years old still able to chase laser pointers, despite ophthalmological examinations indicating they should be clinically blind. This variability highlights the complex nature of the disease, even though the underlying genetic cause is understood.
Signs of PRA in Bengal Cats
While a definitive diagnosis requires either a genetic test or an eye exam by a veterinary ophthalmologist, there are signs Bengal cat owners can watch for that may indicate PRA. Cats with compromised vision, particularly night vision, often exhibit certain behavioral changes. They may become more vocal, especially in dimly lit environments, and often display increased attachment or clinginess to their owners as they navigate their surroundings with reduced sight. Physically, affected Bengal cats may have pupils that appear more dilated than those of healthy cats in the same lighting conditions, as their eyes attempt to gather more light. Another subtle sign sometimes observed is that Bengal cats with PRA may carry their whiskers in a more forward position, possibly using them more to sense their environment. Despite the eventual blindness, Bengal cats are remarkably adaptable. Once they become familiar with their home environment, they can remain surprisingly mobile and active, relying on their other senses to navigate.
Genetic Basis of Bengal Cat PRA
Bengal PRA is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. This means that a Bengal cat must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to develop PRA and exhibit blindness. Cats that inherit only one copy of the mutated gene are known as carriers. Carriers themselves do not develop PRA and have normal vision, but they can pass the mutated gene on to their offspring. The specific causative DNA variant responsible for PRA in Bengal cats is believed to be a novel mutation that arose early in the breed’s development, within a popular Bengal lineage. This early origin and the popularity of the lineage have contributed to the widespread presence of the PRA gene in Bengal cat populations globally. Reports of affected Bengal cats have emerged from various regions, including the United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States, indicating that Bengal cat PRA is a concern for breeders and owners worldwide.
Diagnosis and Testing for Bengal Cat PRA
Fortunately, Bengal cat breeders and owners have access to tools for diagnosing and managing PRA. Blindness due to PRA can be confirmed through either a DNA test or a thorough eye examination performed by a qualified veterinary ophthalmologist, ideally before breeding age. The DNA test is particularly valuable as it can identify not only affected cats but also carrier cats. Carrier cats, while healthy themselves, are crucial to identify to prevent unknowingly breeding two carriers together, which has a 25% chance of producing affected kittens in each litter. Genetic testing allows breeders to make informed decisions to reduce the incidence of PRA in Bengal cats and ensures that owners can understand their cat’s genetic status regarding this condition.
In conclusion, understanding Bengal cat PRA and utilizing available genetic testing are vital steps for responsible Bengal cat breeding and ownership. By proactively testing and making informed breeding choices, the prevalence of Bengal cat bengal PRA can be reduced, safeguarding the health and well-being of future generations of these beautiful cats.
